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Drivers Awareness Course Speeding. Main article: The (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) specification lists Base64 as one of two schemes (the other being ). MIME's Base64 encoding is based on that of the version of PEM: it uses the same 64-character alphabet and encoding mechanism as PEM, and uses the ' =' symbol for output padding in the same way, as described. MIME does not specify a fixed length for Base64-encoded lines, but it does specify a maximum line length of 76 characters.
Additionally it specifies that any extra-alphabetic characters must be ignored by a compliant decoder, although most implementations use a CR/LF pair to delimit encoded lines. Thus, the actual length of MIME-compliant Base64-encoded binary data is usually about 137% of the original data length, though for very short messages the overhead can be much higher due to the overhead of the headers. Very roughly, the final size of Base64-encoded binary data is equal to 1.37 times the original data size + 814 bytes (for headers). The size of the decoded data can be approximated with this formula: bytes = (string_length(encoded_string) - 814) / 1.37 UTF-7 [ ]. Main article:, described first in, which was later superseded by, introduced a system called modified Base64.
This data encoding scheme is used to encode as characters for use in 7-bit transports such as. It is a variant of the Base64 encoding used in MIME. The 'Modified Base64' alphabet consists of the MIME Base64 alphabet, but does not use the ' =' padding character. UTF-7 is intended for use in mail headers (defined in ), and the ' =' character is reserved in that context as the escape character for 'quoted-printable' encoding. Modified Base64 simply omits the padding and ends immediately after the last Base64 digit containing useful bits leaving up to three unused bits in the last Base64 digit. Main article:, described in, describes Radix-64 encoding, also known as 'ASCII Armor'.
Radix-64 is identical to the 'Base64' encoding described from MIME, with the addition of an optional 24-bit. The is calculated on the input data before encoding; the checksum is then encoded with the same Base64 algorithm and, prefixed by ' =' symbol as separator, appended to the encoded output data. [ ], entitled The Base16, Base32, and Base64 Data Encodings, is an informational (non-normative) memo that attempts to unify the and specifications of Base64 encodings, alternative-alphabet encodings, and the seldom-used Base32 and Base16 encodings.
Unless implementations are written to a specification that refers to and specifically requires otherwise, forbids implementations from generating messages containing characters outside the encoding alphabet or without padding, and it also declares that decoder implementations must reject data that contain characters outside the encoding alphabet. [ ] This RFC obsoletes and focuses on Base64/32/16: This document describes the commonly used Base64, Base32, and Base16 encoding schemes. It also discusses the use of line-feeds in encoded data, use of padding in encoded data, use of non-alphabet characters in encoded data, use of different encoding alphabets, and canonical encodings.
Filenames [ ] Another variant called modified Base64 for filename uses ' -' instead of ' /', because Unix and Windows filenames cannot contain ' /'. It could be recommended to use the modified Base64 for URL instead, since then the filenames could be used in URLs also. URL applications [ ] Base64 encoding can be helpful when fairly lengthy identifying information is used in an HTTP environment.
For example, a database persistence framework for objects might use Base64 encoding to encode a relatively large unique id (generally 128-bit ) into a string for use as an HTTP parameter in HTTP forms or HTTP GET. Also, many applications need to encode binary data in a way that is convenient for inclusion in URLs, including in hidden web form fields, and Base64 is a convenient encoding to render them in a compact way. Using standard Base64 in requires encoding of ' +', ' /' and ' =' characters into special hexadecimal sequences (' +' becomes '%2B', ' /' becomes '%2F' and ' =' becomes '%3D'), which makes the string unnecessarily longer. For this reason, modified Base64 for URL variants exist, where the ' +' and ' /' characters of standard Base64 are respectively replaced by ' -' and ' _', so that using is no longer necessary and have no impact on the length of the encoded value, leaving the same encoded form intact for use in relational databases, web forms, and object identifiers in general. Some variants allow or require omitting the padding ' =' signs to avoid them being confused with field separators, or require that any such padding be percent-encoded.