Conflict Resolution And Prevention John Burton Pdf Reader
CONFLICT PROVENTION AS A POLITICAL SYSTEM. For those of us who identify with the dispute or conflict fields, and their theories and practices, the pressing question is: 'Where do we go from here?' I wish to argue that the future of problem-solving conflict resolution, perhaps unlike dispute. Conflict Paradigms. There are many different approaches to conflict resolution. Some say that “we should all just learn to get along” but don't say how to bring that about. John Burton maintains that “the traditional coercive basis of law and order on. Prevention is the worst possible option, except for all the others.
Original Article Simvastatin with or without Ezetimibe in Familial Hypercholesterolemia John J.P. Kastelein, M.D., Ph.D., Fatima Akdim, M.D., Erik S.G. Stroes, M.D., Ph.D., Aeilko H. Zwinderman, Ph.D., Michiel L.
Bots, M.D., Ph.D., Anton F.H. Stalenhoef, M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.P., Frank L.J. Cities Xl 2012 Serial Key.
Visseren, M.D., Ph.D., Eric J.G. Sijbrands, M.D., Ph.D., Mieke D. Trip, M.D., Ph.D., Evan A. Stein, M.D., Ph.D., Daniel Gaudet, M.D., Ph.D., Raphael Duivenvoorden, M.D., Enrico P.
Veltri, M.D., A. David Marais, M.D., Ph.D., and Eric de Groot, M.D., Ph.D., for the ENHANCE Investigators N Engl J Med 2008; 358:1431-1443 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0800742. Methods We conducted a double-blind, randomized, 24-month trial comparing the effects of daily therapy with 80 mg of simvastatin either with placebo or with 10 mg of ezetimibe in 720 patients with familial hypercholesterolemia.
Patients underwent B-mode ultrasonography to assess the intima–media thickness of the walls of the carotid and femoral arteries. The primary outcome measure was the change in the mean carotid-artery intima–media thickness, which was defined as the average of the means of the far-wall intima–media thickness of the right and left common carotid arteries, carotid bulbs, and internal carotid arteries. Results The primary outcome, the mean (±SE) change in the carotid-artery intima–media thickness, was 0.0058±0.0037 mm in the simvastatin-only group and 0.0111±0. Rival Consoles Odyssey Rare. 0038 mm in the simvastatin-plus-ezetimibe (combined-therapy) group (P=0.29).
Secondary outcomes (consisting of other variables regarding the intima–media thickness of the carotid and femoral arteries) did not differ significantly between the two groups. At the end of the study, the mean (±SD) LDL cholesterol level was 192.7±60.3 mg per deciliter (4.98±1.56 mmol per liter) in the simvastatin group and 141.3±52.6 mg per deciliter (3.65±1.36 mmol per liter) in the combined-therapy group (a between-group difference of 16.5%, P. Figure 2 Effects of Simvastatin and Combined Therapy with Simvastatin plus Ezetimibe on Levels of Cholesterol and Triglycerides. All measures of cholesterol — low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (Panel A), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (Panel B), and total cholesterol (Panel C) — were calculated with the use of analysis for variance for each time point. The I bars represent standard errors.
An analysis for covariance on rank-transformed data for each time point was used for the triglyceride curve (Panel D). A reduction in levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol constitutes one of the cornerstones in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. In recent trials comparing various statins or the same statin at various doses, aggressive therapy to lower LDL cholesterol levels was associated with a reduction in rates of cardiovascular events. Feeling Good Torrent Pdf. However, administration of the highest approved statin dose offers only limited additional lowering of LDL cholesterol at the expense of an increased incidence of side effects. Therefore, novel compounds that further reduce LDL cholesterol levels when added to statin therapy are of interest. A recently introduced compound, ezetimibe, selectively inhibits cholesterol absorption by binding to the Niemann–Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) protein.
The latter is located at the brush-border membrane of the enterocyte, where it contributes substantially to the intestinal uptake and cellular transport of cholesterols and noncholesterol sterols. Combined therapy with ezetimibe and a statin provides an incremental reduction in LDL cholesterol levels of 12 to 19%. In this study, we sought to determine whether the daily administration of 10 mg of ezetimibe in combination with 80 mg of simvastatin could reduce the progression of atherosclerosis in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia, as assessed by measurement of arterial intima–media thickness. The rationale for studying patients with familial hypercholesterolemia is that such patients have a greatly increased risk of premature coronary artery disease and an increased rate of progression of intima–media thickness starting in childhood. In our study, called the Ezetimibe and Simvastatin in Hypercholesterolemia Enhances Atherosclerosis Regression (ENHANCE) trial, we used B-mode ultrasonographic imaging of the intima–media thickness in the carotid and femoral arteries as a surrogate measure to assess the progression of atherosclerosis. Study Design Our prospective, randomized, double-blind, active-comparator, multicenter study was designed by academic investigators in collaboration with the study sponsors, Merck and Schering-Plough.